In this series, long-time evangelist David Roper shares with us his methods of bringing others to know Jesus.
00:00 I’m gonna make you all unhappy real fast. I want everybody to the front. 00:08 Okay. Fancy. Okay. You want everybody up front? 03:05 People would be coming in from the back, not from the front. Anyway, it’s good to have you with us. I tried my hardest to talk anybody out of coming to the class. And I tried to emphasize it’s only for people who are really serious. Now I know, you know, it’s fine to come to class. 03:35 and just want some inspiration or information and it just kind of helps you live your Christian life. As we try to stress, this is going to be a workshop. Okay? I’m sorry, you’re going to be asked to do things. Okay? Now if you don’t come back next week, that’s fine, I won’t be mad at you. But anyway, I want us to be a serious group, serious about teaching folks. 04:03 serious about having one-on-one studies. Are you with me? Everybody did understand that, right? And you’ve got a lot of stuff there. Now, the one that says, mark your bibles, I didn’t intend for you to have that this morning. So please fold that and put it in the back of your notebook. You don’t want to look at that one yet. That’s not for looking at. 04:36 There we go, that’s a secret sheet that we will start looking at in a few weeks. I want to start with an illustration that I saw somebody use one time. Can you see Mr. Glove? 04:56 Okay, Mr. Glove, I want you to go up here to the whiteboard and write what we’re trying to do in this class. 05:10 Mr. Glove. Now these people are waiting for you and it should be an easy thing to do. I want you to go up to the board and write what we’re doing in this class. 05:30 Wait a minute. 05:37 Mr. Glove, I want you to go up and do what we’re going to be, talk about what we’re going to do in here. 06:01 How about that? Now, imagine that this is the 25 or so classes you’ve attended on personal evangelism. How much good is that going to do? Right? You’ve been to all these classes, you’ve taken all of these notes. What’s that going to accomplish? It’s not going to accomplish anything until what? You put yourself in it, and you did it. 06:30 That’s what this class is about. I don’t know about you, but I hear sermons that say, you need to do this, you need to do that, you need to do something else. I don’t know about you, but it helps me if they include a handle, something I’m grabbed hold of in order to do the thing they’re asking me to do. That’s why I love gold days and other things. It makes it a lot easier to ask. 06:58 You invite people to something special that’s going on. But anyway, that’s what we’re trying to do. We’re going to give you a handle. We’re going to have instruction. We’re going to have a little bit of inspiration. A whole lot of instruction. We’re going to give demonstrations. And it’s going to be a lot of practice. OK? 07:25 Practice up here and then practice back there. And after nine weeks, if you, I promise you, if you stay with me for nine weeks, you’ll be ready to sit down with somebody and teach them one-on-one. Now, you had, as I said, 25 or so of these classes. 07:51 You don’t have to do a show of hands, unless anybody feel overwhelmed. You have so much material given to you. Oh man, all the, and I have been really encouraged by them and even overwhelmed by how wonderful our, haven’t our teachers done well? They just done exceptionally well presenting that material. But. 08:20 Let me tell you, it may make you feel a little better, you don’t have to remember all of that. But you’ve been exposed to it. I remember in college, one day we had a guy come up in chapel and say, Now while you’re here, you’re going to study this much. 08:40 This is how much you’re going to remember. And this is the amount that makes you an educated person. That seems like a whole lot of money to spend to remember that much. But you’re there. You’ve been exposed to this. You know that this material is there. You know where you can go if you need it to get answers to your questions and so on. So that’s wonderful. 09:08 I think I need to say though a little bit, build on the last three that we’ve had about world, the worldview. I’m beginning to ask for a show of hands, but does anybody feel overwhelmed? You mean, that’s the world that I’ve got to teach? 09:34 Now the world may seem pretty bad today. I remember, I still remember so distinctly. I was born and raised in the Bible. 09:45 The time I started to call it was my first semester in college. I was carrying on a Written debate with a young man that planned to be a denomination preacher. I thought That my purpose was going to be to talk with people about what the Bible teaches That’s it everybody we all the same you’re talking to what the Bible teaches 10:14 And then though he went ahead and he began to talk about the world as a whole, even America as a whole. And I found out people don’t believe in America in general like they do in the Bible Belt, and like they did at that time in the Bible Belt. And it’s a rough old world out there. And there’s people who don’t believe the Bible. 10:40 Our textbook for that class, it was called Modernism, our textbook for that class was the textbook used at SMU University in their Bible classes. A commentary on the entire Bible. I was excited. I didn’t have any commentaries. I was going to have a commentary on the entire Bible. 11:12 Then we had to look at him. You know what happened when Paul was on the road to Damascus? He had an epileptic seizure in the middle of a thunderstorm, Platinum storm. 11:28 I found out, no, this book is not going to help me a whole lot to understand the Bible. But it’s just, that’s in Texas, that’s in the Bible Belt. And so I began to find out, hey, so many preachers don’t believe in the virgin birth, and that was many, many, many, many years ago, and it ain’t got no better folks. But that’s the world. Now, can we still reach people? 11:58 in the middle of an ungodly, unbelieving world. 12:04 I don’t know if you thought about this and I think maybe this will be brought up in a class coming up here, maybe even after this one. Think about the world in which the early Christians had to take the Bible. Are you thinking about it? Corinth! 12:26 repeated at that time to be the most ungodly sinning on the face of the earth. Leave that one alone! 12:37 Paul was right in the middle of it preaching the gospel. How about Athens? The philosophy center of the world. The ill-intelligentsia. They can’t reach these folks. Paul was running, I mean, they had an they had an idol on every corner. 12:59 You can’t do any good there. All right in the middle. 13:05 Yeah, he got stoned, he got thrown out of town, run out of town. But that’s the world. And guess what? Acts chapter 8 verse 4, and all that was scattered about did what? Whatever we’re preaching the word. And guess what? They’re accused of turning the world upside down, and they did. And they did. 13:33 You got the Roman government soon as you’re going to be persecuted and I’m trying to kill them. They’re preaching the gospel. 13:41 I know that it ain’t as easy. 13:47 to find people and teach people today as it was when I was a teenager. Okay, I mean, we just, we all acknowledge that, right? It’s not as easy. 14:01 I don’t want to be mean about this. But let me tell you, our biggest problem is not that the world has gotten so much worse. That’s a big problem. You know what the biggest problem is? We do not have the fire in our bones that we once had. We are happy and satisfied. 14:29 just to save the world and its rottenness. Go on as it is, as long as they leave us alone, we’ll leave them alone. Now we have to, that’s the biggest change and that’s our biggest problem. There are people that can be reached. We moved to Australia. Australians are not interested in religion. 14:52 There’s a saying over there, they go to church three times in their life when they’re hatch, matched, and dispatched. They’re the friendliest folks on the face of the earth. It’s a lovely place to live, but they’re not interested in religion. But guess what? Work harder enough, talk to enough folks, knock on enough doors, you find people, you 15:21 So it wasn’t too long until we had a congregation of a hundred there in Macquarie. Yeah, I’m trying to say, yeah, there are people we can, there are people that you can reach. There are people that you can reach. And I want you in the back of your mind, I’ll be talking about this in a minute, in the back of your mind I want you to be thinking about who you’d like to teach, who you’d like to reach. And the… 15:47 I’m going to ask you for those names, so I want you to be thinking real, real seriously. But now let me give you a little background on what we’re going to be doing. I started to, I don’t believe in Christian, I generally say a little bit of something along the line of back when it was a good school, I’m not trying to insult anybody, but anyway, back when it was a good school. 16:17 And I’ve gone one semester, and I don’t know if I’ve taken a course in personal work or just seen Homer Haley’s book on personal work. But anyway, Homer Haley’s book teaches you need to be doing personal work, and that has chapters on different types of things you need to teach on or objections that might be given. But there are no handles in there. No handles. 16:47 But anyway, after I’d gone one semester, I started preaching for the summer. I’m not going to go into how that happened. At Comanche, Oklahoma, one semester. I probably had an old house in the survey which just blew my mind. I was an ignorant guy. But anyway, I was going to preach all that summer at Comanche, Oklahoma congregation of about 100 people. And so here we are. 17:17 They asked me to teach on Wednesday night under this and the preaching. Guess what I taught on? Personal work. Ha ha ha ha ha. There’s one thing about being young and stupid. You can be very audacious and not even realize. But anyway, I never taught a class. I never done a one on one study. Personal class, I mean. So anyway, I went back to school. Next summer I got married. 17:47 Joe started working at a bank in Abilene. 17:56 Right next to her, she was a receptionist secretary at a bank up in the front. And next to her was Jim Tremor. It was also the same position. And her husband, Jim Tremor, was also going to be a preacher. So a lot in common. We spent a lot of time with him. The next summer, Jim went to work in New Mexico for a preacher named Ivan Stewart. 18:26 So if you’ve heard of Ivan Stewart, anyway, he came home with some mimeograph sheets of paper. He said, Ivan’s working up a way to teach people. It’s all in these mimeograph sheets of paper. Well, I’m very a strong believer in the providence of God, and God’s looking out after me. Anyway, I could have lost those sheets of paper real easily. 18:54 You can imagine all that you’re doing as a college student. But I stuck those memorandum sheets of paper somewhere. They finally ended up in the book from house to house. But anyway, here’s these memorandum sheets of paper. I got out of college and I started preaching at the village. That’s where the village is. And, uh… 19:18 I’ll tell you about our Monday night visitation later. But anyway, I started preaching at the village and all of a sudden I was preaching, I was teaching classes. I don’t know how it happened, but I’ve gotta study. 19:38 I say this young woman now, I was 21 years old, I probably didn’t think she was that young. She might have been on the old 30 or something like that. But anyway, here we go. I’ve got to study. What am I gonna do? Ah, I’ve got some mimeograph sheets. So I pulled out the mimeograph sheets. Did everything like the mimeograph sheets said. I sat down with her. 20:07 study and I’m trying to do it like those seats said. And when I get to it I think you’re going to love how it closes out. But I mean the last two questions are, do you want to be baptized? She said yes. 20:27 The last question is, do you want to be baptized tonight? She said yes. I didn’t know what to do. Anyway, like this story a little shorter, we got on the telephone, she called some folks, I called some folks. We finally got to the church building, I baptized her. I think at that point I baptized just a handful of people. 20:56 but I baptized her into Christ. Now, through the years, I’ve used a lot of different methods, okay? I’m gonna mention things that probably most of you never heard of. Murray’s Tistle charts. These were charts on the stand, and you talked about this chart, little charts on them, you flipped it over and talked about the next and so on. And I remember… 21:23 standing in this living room there in the village. I’ve got two couples seated before me and Joe’s over here, of course and Both of the men attended with their wives one of them had been attending for many many years and Anyway, this is the class and I was teaching these two guys. 21:50 Jules Miller film strips, you’ve heard of those, most of you have heard of those, right? I was present at… 22:00 an Abilene Christian lectureship when they announced that somebody was going to demonstrate a new method of teaching over in the chapel of the College Church Building. So I went over to the chapel, it’s full of people, and this real young guy got up, began to talk about he’s going to make film strips. Right? He didn’t have any film strips made, but he had some slides. 22:26 Some of them were big slides, some of them were little slides, some of them were sideways, some of them were vertical. But anyway, he tried to give us a little… That was my introduction to Jill Miller. And we got to be good friends. I love the Jules Miller film strips. 22:47 In case I forget to do it later. Whoops. In case I forget to do it later. They’re the only aid that I know that you can get. An advertising piece. I’ve knocked on lots of doors and gone through whoever’s on the other side of the doors with this advertising piece. That’s great. If you haven’t seen it before, you ought to look at it. Oh, I didn’t realize that. 23:14 I got a gospel meeting in there. Anyway, they’re great. So, anyway, on the campaign to Perth, Australia, we used the last three of those. And I remember two people that I taught and baptized during that campaign using those. So, anyway, Jules Miller, Filmstrips. 23:42 While I was living in Australia, I worked with him and we made an Australian version of Jules Miller Films strips. And then we tweaked it a little bit and made an Italian version of the Jules Miller Filmstrips. Love the Jules Miller Filmstrips. 23:58 Somebody says, oh, look those things, you know, they just have charts and pictures. Nobody’s jumping around and doing anything interesting. I hate to tell you, but guess what our preacher does on Sunday morning? He shows us charts and words. Pictures and words, pictures and words. But anyway, Jules Miller FilmStrips. 24:24 I don’t even know if we’ve got any around the building or not. They need to check on that. But anyway, talking about ties to a lot of folks with children with other Filmstrips and that have been on all these campaigns. They use this method, that method. Ivan Sertikos went ahead with his open Bible folders, one sheet folded up three fold and they’re done multiple choice. Been in a lot of campaigns with Ivan Stewart with that. 24:54 But the method that I’m going to show you is my favorite. It’s the one I come back to. It’s the one I use. 25:07 Basically, now the problem I had with Jules Miller Filmstrips, I was saying, hey, we just teach the Bible. And I come up with two handbooks full of equipment. I love this. You sit down with a Bible and a piece of paper. 25:30 That’s what you got. A Bible and a piece of paper. And you teach them the Bible. And it’s effective. And so, now, getting a little closer to home. While I was writing for Truth For Today, my boss, Eddie Cloer, he would give me assignments. 25:54 Now sometimes I would say, hey, could I do an issue on this, an issue on that, and so on. He’d say, okay. But then, he was mainly giving me assignments. And somebody contacting him said, we’d like for you to do an issue of Truth for the Day to use in a campaign. Now let me tell you at the beginning, that is impossible. 26:25 That’s 105 to 110 manuscript pages and an issue of The Truth for Today, which you have a copy of right there, right? You couldn’t possibly go through that in a campaign setting with somebody. And if you handed it out to somebody, chances are they’re not gonna read all that much. Nevertheless, 26:54 I love a challenge. And so I said, OK, I’m going to write down how I would hold a study and try to think of every objection that can be given. I want to think of every illustration I can think of that would help make this plainer. And that’s a lot of stuff. I’m going to stick all of that in this. So that’s what you’ve got right here. 27:22 Now, you don’t have to memorize this. I might take a deep breath. But I want you to read it. Okay? I want you to read it. I want you to be familiar with it. Between what we do in this class and what’s in here, you’re going to have the answers to almost any question. 27:48 that’s going to be asked you. We’ll talk about questions later. But you’re gonna have the stuff you need. So, I want you to, that’s your first assignment. I want you to read this, okay? Now, we’re gonna be talking here. I’m gonna do, it’s gonna be a little while before I actually get… 28:12 and tell you all about the method and get you working on them. But I want to do some background things. There was a time, as Tracy said last week, there was a time you could ask somebody a few questions then ask them if they’d like to do a study and then, you know, that next week you could start a study. Now it’s probably going to be a period of time. 28:38 between when you start praying about this person, thinking about this person, and then actually start your study. So I want to go through some of the things. You’ve had so many good things done, so many good things said to you. But let me just say a few preliminary things. First thing I want to say is… 29:02 Being a good example is wonderful. Being a good example is indispensable. Being a good example is right up at the top there of what a Christian should be and do. But it’s not enough, in most cases, to convert somebody. The Great Commission does not say 29:31 Go there for and be a good example. Now I say that because you’d be surprised, maybe you wouldn’t be, how many members of the church think I’m fulfilling the great commission by living a good life. 29:47 You heard it said so often, I’d rather see a sermon than hear one any day. Now I’m sorry, what did Jesus say? Go you there for and teach all nations, Baptizing in the name of the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I’ve commanded you. I need to pause and tell you about my quotations. 30:16 I was raised with the King James version. 30:20 In Abilene, we studied the American Standard version, which I loved, but it never caught on. Never caught on. When I started preaching, I’d done some preaching before I went to college, but anyway, when I started preaching seriously, I started with the American Standard. I still have my original little American Standard New Testament that’s the first thing I’ve ever preached for you. 30:50 And guess what? People thought I was misreading and miscoding. Everybody still liked the King James Version. So I started using the King James Version again. And most of my major memory work had the King James Version. I love the King James Version. But then I started working for Truth for the Day. They used the American Standard Bible. Okay? So. 31:17 I’m teaching a New American Standard, I’m writing using New American Standard. And then while I’m doing that, I start teaching some classes at Harding University. That is the NIV, the National University. So when I quote, that’s going to be probably mainly King James version, with a little… 31:44 Here and there are little bits and pieces of American Standard, New American Standard, and a whole lot of Roper interpretation. Okay, I’ll just explain that there, because I just got through quoting some in case you started looking at that. Okay, now, so, that’s not going to be enough. Now, oh, that example is so good. I remember while we were at, just kind of moved 32:14 final home there in Australia on 6 Ansek Avenue in Besswick. 6 Ansek Avenue, yeah. Uh, down North Rye. And, uh, there was a lady next door. Her husband had abandoned her. She was, she was, uh, a bit younger than we were. And she had two little boys, and I think she had a baby. And her husband had abandoned her when the baby was born. 32:43 And I remember getting acquainted with her, and Joe, of course, was getting acquainted with her. She was always my best personal worker when it came to just personal contact. And she came to our door one morning and said, Can I go to Bible class with you next Sunday? And we felt bad. We hadn’t asked her for see that. That was an example. Okay, she became a good, faithful member of the church. But that’s— 33:12 By and large, that’s not the way you’re going to be able to reach folks. Just be a good example. And I really hate to say this next one. Conversational teaching seldom results in baptism. Now, I’m just so proud of you that are able to, you know, talk about the Bible to people or say things about the Bible. 33:41 And so that’s just so wonderful. I’ve known so many people through the years and say, you know, I’m talking to my, I’m talking to my buddy at work and we’re talking about this and this. Maybe they’re asking me for some suggestion. I keep waiting for them to bring that guy to the building to be baptized. Still waiting, still waiting. Yeah, that’s a good start. That’s a good start. But that’s not it. 34:11 That’s my dear. 34:14 Give a God said. 34:18 You need to teach them start here, move here, move here, move here, move here. You need a study. So you’ve got your thing there. I don’t know if you’re writing anything down yet, but let me go here. 34:58 This is the hardest part. Oh, we’ve got a lot more stuff here, if anybody doesn’t. This is the hardest part. By the time that you stay with me in the nine weeks, you’re gonna be prepared to teach a class. But this is the hard part, getting that study in the first place. Some of you remember Leonard Caldwell. 35:26 They’ve just crossed the street there from the church building. Leonard loved to show the Jill Miller film strips. And he showed them to a lot of people. And he was always begging people to set up studies for him. That’s the hard part. And today it’s even harder. So we’re going to spend some time before we get into 35:52 the method itself and the study materials. We’re going to spend some time talking about setting up a study and all the different things that might be involved in them. And here now, here comes your big assignment. Are you ready? Get yourself ready. For the next nine weeks, at the end of nine weeks, you’re going to be ready to teach a class. 36:22 But during this nine week spherical, actually the next eight weeks, here’s your sign man. Build bridges. 36:33 build bridges. And if you hear it on last Sunday morning, you heard the sermon. 36:41 I told Jack Afterton, thank you for introducing my class. I said, assignment I’m going to give. An eight week assignment, build bridges. You’ve got to have a bridge. 36:57 Now, okay, some of you have done personal campaign work, and call Turkey knocking on doors and talking to them, and man, you’re working the percentages on that. If you talk to 25 people, you may get one study. But you’ve got somebody in mind, right? Maybe a friend. Maybe a neighbor. 37:25 Maybe in your family, maybe somebody you work with, you’ve got somebody in mind. You don’t have 25 people exactly like that that you can work the percentages. You have to build a bridge that you can cross when you’re ready to ask them about a study. 37:48 So, build bridges. Oh, how do you build bridges? Let me just kind of put out a couple of things that I’ve got here on building bridges. Incidentally, I’m half blind, half deaf, and have no memory. So just kind of bear with me as we’re moving along here. We understand. 38:17 Actually, I heard somebody say, I understand. Okay, Bill Bridges. Now, you can think of some things, we’ll come back to this later. All right, Bill Bridges. Get acquainted with, maybe your neighbor that you’d like to teach. And you really don’t know that much about that neighbor. Get acquainted. Invite into your home. Eat with them, take them out to eat. Eat at your home. Do things with. 38:49 Help them! 38:51 Invite them to watch the television series with Phil, okay? Invite them to VBS. Invite them to the open house thing we’re going to have in October. Invite them to, you got some favorite class? Invite them to that class. And you can go on and on. In fact, when I get to this again… 39:17 I’m going to ask you for a suggestion. What can you do to build a bridge? And this one is going to kind of sound funny. I’ve thought a lot about this through the years. Ask them to help you. 39:36 I’ve never heard that mentioned as a part of building bridges. Ask them to help you. And I don’t mean just make up something. I mean something that you really need and you need some help of some kind. And you’re showing number one, your vulnerability. You’re showing that you’re not a super-hater. And people like to help other people. 40:05 And that’s a good way to start building a bridge. So that’s your major assignment, start building bridges. Okay, now I’m not sure why you have those little brown Bibles. These belong to the church. I don’t think we’ve been given permission to make notes in those. How many of you brought your Bible? 40:35 That was one of the assignments. Bring a Bible. And you’re gonna have to write in it, okay? Now, back when this started, when Ivan did it, you used two Bibles, matched. Okay, you had one and your friend had another. That was back before we had 25 different translations that people used. 41:02 So you’re gonna use one, and we’re gonna show you how to work that. But you’re gonna have one, and you’re gonna have… Now, you’re gonna have to get acquainted. Now, this is, this makes care of some of you. You’re gonna have to find out what translation your friend uses and get acquainted with it before you teach your class. You’re gonna have him or her read a verse in their Bible. 41:30 and it may not read anything like it does in your Bible. And you’re gonna have to know that’s the case and then have a deal with it. So we’re gonna talk about translations later. What time is it anyway? I don’t have any idea. We’ll start a little time. We’re gonna talk about translations later and some of the strengths and weaknesses that just give you a little feel of different translations and what might show up. 41:59 and want to stay away from paraphrases. But anyway, okay, Bible, I know all of you have a. 42:11 have a little notebook there. Didn’t nobody bring another notebook other than the one that’s supplied, okay? Whatever works best for you, okay? Whatever works best for you. And of course you’ve got a pen and pencil there. Now, I’ve got one last thing to do and it’s very, very important. I need somebody to help me. That’s the first bell, right? Yes. Am I correct on that? Yep. Okay, I need somebody to hand out three cards. Somebody working this side, somebody working that side. 42:41 three cards to every person. 42:46 And this is so important. Three cards. Hope I can get this done in five minutes. 43:00 If I had to find messages to trace it, he’d probably have three cards in every place. I don’t know he’s going to be all the rest of this. And next time, please bring your own Bible that you can mark in. Okay? Please, please bring your own Bible. 43:28 I’m trying to think it. You’ve got that phone that you’ve been reading. Scratching it. And you say, now we’re going to study the Bible. Your phone ain’t going to work, folks. I’ll tell you, there’s a lot of reasons that’s going through this. This is your number one visual aid. 43:54 The thing you’re trying to get across is this is our authority. This is where we can find proof. 44:02 Not what you think, not what I think, not what somebody else thinks. What God has said in this book. This is your number one visual aid. And then we’re going to talk about that Bible, the parts of it and so on. And we’re going to read from it. And when people read a verse, you’ve got all the verses surrounding it, context. So it shows you’re being open and above, that you’re not trying to pull anything. 44:32 I was witness of the worst on pulling things. They give you a verse that has nothing to do with the price of eggs in China, but it looks good just by itself. But they don’t show it to you in a Bible. Okay, first of all, I may not get this finished. Card number one. 44:57 This is not a discussion class. If you have a better way of teaching, I don’t want to hear about it. You ask the elders, you ask the elders, ask them to teach a class about your way of doing it. That was another bell, was it? You’re kidding. OK, we’re going to start with three cards next time. Thank you so much. Let’s have a word of prayer. 45:26 God, thank you so much for this wonderful group that’s gathered here this morning. I pray that we will be a team working together, encouraging one another, and helping one another as we reach out to those we love and those we’re concerned about. Forgive us for our failures in the past. Help us to do better in the future. We pray in Jesus’ name, and amen.
In this lesson, Tim, filling in for Jeremy, continues the discussion on how faith and science intersect.
00:00 All right, good morning. It’s the first bell, so I’m going to go ahead and get started because there’s a lot to talk about today. Warning, I’m going to be a little boring today. Jeremy may have told you that I was going to fill in for his class this week. My name is Timothy King. If you guys haven’t ever met me, I usually teach upstairs in the third grade class, so this is a little bit of a jump for me teaching the adults class. But we’ll try to keep it fun. 00:31 Today we’re going to continue this series on Christian evidences. Talked about several subjects already, but we’re going to kind of continue Jeremy’s theme last week of the intersection of faith and science. And we’ll be specifically talking this week about earth science, ecology, and space science, cosmology. And we’ll be looking at it, specifically looking at the design of the universe and how that speaks to the world. 01:00 an intelligent design as you can speak with various people that will help them maybe understand just the unique parameters by which this universe has been made. And so that’s kind of the idea of this lesson today. 01:16 I will also say that I know a lot of people have a lot to share on this subject, as you probably have your own faith journey on a lot of these things, and I will just ask that try to keep the comments down to a minimum. We’ve got a lot to cover over the next 45 minutes, so I’d love to have people to share, but let’s try to keep it at the end and we’ll see if we have time to do that. So let’s move along. Ever since the Enlightenment period of the 1600s through the 1700s, men have sought to 01:46 to test everything through empirical methods. They would observe something in nature and come up with an idea of what it was doing and then form some experiments, maybe some lab experiments and various tests to see if it works the same way every time. And then if it does, then they’ve formed a law. And thus the scientific method was born. People like, Francis Bacon 02:13 various guys like Rene Descartes and other scientific philosophers kind of helped boost this method. And since then, science has exploded with all sorts of hundreds and thousands of different laws and principles by which the universe and the Earth work. And further, many scientific applications make use of those laws to build all the technology we have today. We have hundreds and thousands of various inventions just within the last year that. 02:41 pioneers would never have even dreamed about having. And so the question is, what place does this highly advanced society have for faith? Well, the same nagging questions, the same insistent questions plague man today, as they did many, many centuries ago. Why is it that we are here? How do we explain the existence of this universe? Why is there something? 03:10 rather than nothing. And scientists try to explain that through various methods, but they run into problems as they do that, as we’ll soon discuss. So the answer to those questions have lots of theories besides the Fay Theory, but there’s really two answers that you can answer that question with. Either, one, life came from nothing. Life came spontaneously from non-life. That’s a… 03:38 term that scientists call abiogenesis. And it’s actually really a new, old idea for generations. Men thought that spontaneous generation was a possibility. They believed that maggots would all of a sudden appear in food that’s left out overnight, and they just appeared from nothing. And then of course scientists did some tests and said, oh, you know, that’s not true. There’s something that’s creating those gnat and maggots flies and such. 04:06 But now it’s kind of, now with various theories like the Big Bang and evolution, we’ve kind of come full circle with the same idea of, okay, well, maybe under certain parameters, maybe life can come from non-life. Well, we talk more about that. But then there’s a second option that we have, which is the option that we’ve held for most of history. Life was made by something or someone. So for the universal truth for most of history was that 04:35 A god or gods or goddesses helped create the universe. And obviously we believe in a god creating the universe. And you all are here and obviously you believe in that. And maybe you have good reasons like these various evidences we’re going to talk about. Or maybe it’s just a gut feeling. But maybe as we go through some of these evidences, maybe we can learn something new that you haven’t thought of before as to why we think that there’s a god that created this universe. 05:04 and we can share that with others. 05:08 Okay, so I’m going to take you guys on a journey through the cosmos. So I ask you to buckle in, have your flight manuals, the Bible ready. As we open up our text, we’re going to talk about the various things in this universe and the great design it has. 05:25 We’re gonna start in Psalm 19. I’m gonna just kind of read through these in sequence. The heavens declare the glory of God. The glory of God. The skies proclaim the work of His hands. When I consider your heavens, the moon and the stars, and the which you have set in place, what is mankind that you are mindful of them? Human beings that you care for them? For since the creation of the world, God’s invisible qualities 05:55 His eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without an excuse. In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth, and by faith we understand that the universe was formed at God’s command so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible. Obviously, this is a collection and kind of a medley of verses here that we’ve got. 06:23 But I think they are some of the main anchor verses in the Bible for the creation narrative as we see it. And we can add more to this list, but these are the ones that are some of my favorites. And this basically says, who created the universe? God created it. And he created it out of what is not visible. And he does not necessarily explain all the different details of the process of how that was done. He just says, 06:53 He made it. And we have to kind of take that on faith. That’s what Hebrew says. So there’s gotta be a certain amount of faith. But that’s not to say that he didn’t give us evidence to show us why. Like Roman says, his invisible qualities have been seen in nature, and the heavens and the skies proclaim his glory. So there are evidences, and we can go even further in all of those details. 07:22 So as we talk about intelligent design, maybe there’s a slightly alternative to this. And this has kind of come up recently in many decades and grown more in popularity as we’ve kind of seen science fiction intersecting with science. And it’s the idea that maybe alien life supplanted Earth with all the life that we have today. It’s an idea called panspermia, the idea that life was seeded from another civilization outside our planet. 07:52 And Richard Dawkins, who’s kind of a famous skeptic atheist who’s, you know, been, who’s no friend of Christianity by any means, but he was debating someone and it says it could be in some earlier time, somewhere in the universe, a civilization evolved probably by some door, one of you means, to a very, very high level of technology and designed a form of life that they seeded perhaps on this planet. And that is a possibility and an intriguing possibility. So we see a lot of “probabilities” and “possibilities”, bottom line is we’re not sure. 08:21 You know, and so the problem is evolution is really, really hard , and the probabilities just aren’t there to support it. And so these kinds of ideas are taking hold. Now, when we are teaching people about this kind of thing, you can almost say, well, who’s to say that said intelligent being couldn’t be God? You know, that’s a really good segue into that kind of idea. 08:50 But you can see that very even the strongest skeptics have a hard time with some of the evolution ideas. 08:58 So let’s go through this kind of thought experiment. What if we were the intelligent beings that were having to find a new planet to seed life form? What if, you know, fast forward a couple millennia, we, our society has evolved, for lack of a better term, into a society likened to that of Star Wars, the Empire, you know, or the Empire of Star Wars, and I’m sorry. 09:24 May 4th was last week, so I just kind of had to add this in there. So a little nerdiness on myself. I’m an engineer. But anyways, what if we had come to that point where we have all this great technology and maybe had this resource we could do something? How would we come up with, say like we repented of our sins of destroying planets like the Empire did, and now we’re focusing our energies into building new ones. So. 09:51 So we’re trying to find a new place for a civilization to go to. What would that, what would that planet that we search for look like? Well might I submit to you that that planet has to look something like the earth, because it turns out that earth is so uniquely designed to support life that this has got very unique parameters. Now I’m not so arrogant to say that maybe life can’t survive outside our known parameters, but we have to go start with what we know. 10:21 and not what our imagination can conceive. So let’s talk about some of these parameters. So if we’re going to find a new planet for a civilization to live, the planet has to exist in what scientists call the Goldilocks Zone. In the middle of a fairy tale saying, it was not too hot, not too cold, it was just right. And NASA defines the Goldilocks Zone as a place, a planet that can host liquid water. 10:51 32 degrees to 212 degrees. That’s a rough, but it’s really a generous estimate because we know sterilization temperatures happen about 160 degrees, and that’s because covalent bonds that make up all living cells have to occur in the range of 50 degrees to 130 degrees Fahrenheit. If it gets hotter than that, those covalent bonds break apart and kill the cell. And if it’s lower than that, then those bonds don’t actually mate. 11:18 And so that leaves us a pretty razor thin region by which life can occur. And as we have studied modern climate models, if we look at what it would look like if our Earth was, say, 1% closer orbit around our heat source, the sun, which gives us all this warmth. If we were within 1% closer to the sun, modern climate models suggest that our polarized caps would start to melt. 11:48 If we were 5% closer to the sun, then all ice on Earth could no longer survive. So we would see, and that’s a big problem because a lot of the solar energy is reflected about two-thirds, I mean about one-third of all solar energy is reflected by the ice on Earth. So it kind of lowers the temperature a little bit. So we have a very unique set of orbits that are required to support that. Also our orbit has to be fairly circular, so at different times of year, as we’re rotating around the sun, we don’t get too much further or too much closer. And so that is a pretty unique parameter between how warm the Earth is. 12:49 As we’re talking about going around the sun, we can’t just orbit around any sun. Our planet has to orbit around a fairly constant output sun. Some of the different types of stars, our sun is a yellow star, but different types of stars like blue stars or red stars have varying levels of energy output at different times that happen as different kinds of metals start to degrade and we see strong energy fluctuations from those stars. Our sun has a 13:18 very, very mild energy fluctuation every 11 years, about 0.1%. The temperature on the surface will be a reflection of a four-time factor of four energy output from the sun. And if that temperature were to raise at 10% higher, then potentially all the oceans on the Earth would evaporate. So that sun has to be very constant output all the time, which is exactly what we have. Also… 13:47 As we rotate around the sun, we encounter a little bit of angular momentum, which causes a spin around our axis. Now the Earth, that spin is pretty unique. So our Earth spins one time a day, once every 24 hours. And with the current circumference of the Earth, that means that around the equator, your rate of speed is about 1,000 miles per hour. Now what that also… 14:15 the speed around the poles is how fast it’s about zero miles per hour because it’s basically spinning in place. Now what that causes is a pretty strong pressure differential and all that moving water and air has to go somewhere. It goes to the place where there’s not as much pressure and then we see these winds and currents and jet streams which is why we have all the weather that we have on Earth. We have pretty strong winds at certain times when we have storms. 14:45 We had pretty strong winds last night where I was living. But we can see winds like the May 3rd tornado around 300 miles per hour. Or during hurricanes, we’ve seen 150, 200 miles per hour winds. And that can be pretty damaging. But imagine what would happen if the Earth was rotating much faster. You’re going to see faster winds, faster storms. Saturn rotates around its axis about once every eight hours. They see winds of 1,000 miles per hour. 15:15 May 3rd, tornado would look like a warm summer breeze, if that was the case. And so that rotation is pretty unique and just right. And the moon is pretty important in that. The moon actually, the tidal forces from the moon actually slow down the rotation of the Earth because of the gravitational pull. And scientists have said that if there was no moon around the Earth, we would probably be rotating about four times faster. So we’re going to see four times the pressure 15:45 way, way higher. 15:49 So the Earth is more than just air to breathe. There’s, I’m sorry, we’re talking about the atmosphere. And the atmosphere is more than just air to breathe. The atmosphere is pretty important, especially for protection of solar radiation. It also helps maintain temperature as we go through day and night cooling and heating cycles. But it also is important for 16:16 absorbing about 25% of the sun’s radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere, and especially in the range of ultraviolet rays by that ozone layer, which is really, really harmful to living cells. Also it is estimated about 50 to 70 tons of space debris hit the earth every single day. And because of our atmosphere, about 99% of that. 16:44 is burned up into dust before it reaches the Earth, which is protecting life on Earth. So atmosphere is very important. 16:53 One other thing, one other characteristic about the Earth is it’s got a unique axis tilt. That axial tilt is about 22 degrees, off its axis, and because of that, we have seasons of life, as different parts of the Earth are now getting more direct sunlight during different parts of the year while we’re orbiting around the sun. And what that means is it takes the heating load off of the equator and… 17:22 moves it to other parts of the Earth. If the Earth was straight vertical, that means the equator would be getting direct sunlight all year long and it would just turn into a gigantic desert. But because we have that axial tilt, now we’re distributing that heating load to other parts of other latitudes at other times of the year, which is pulling that heating load off the equator and allows a wider distribution of life on other parts of this planet. And that’s a pretty important characteristic of Earth’s climate. 17:53 So I’m gonna stop there for a second and take a break and say, have you guys ever heard of the organization called SETI? I think it’s called Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. I don’t know if they’re a government organization or if they’re just a third party. I don’t know if they receive government funding. They do work with NASA a little bit. But it’s an organization that sets up all kinds of radios and… 18:22 antennas all over the place and they are listening all over outer space for signals that they would deem as intelligence. Trying to look for extraterrestrial signals from outer space. Now what do they define as intelligence? That’s a good question. How do you define intelligence? Well by their own definitions you need two things. You need order and you need purpose. 18:52 So order and purpose. So they’re looking for very unique signals that don’t necessarily occur naturally. They’re not looking for wideband signals that can occur from background radiation and various star stellar events that can occur in outer space. They’re looking for very narrowband signals, maybe modulation on top of that narrowband signal such that it would not occur naturally. And they’re looking for order and purpose in there. 19:23 As we’re looking at these various aspects of how the Earth and the solar system are designed and their unique parameters, do we see order and purpose in the way this is all put together? And does that order and purpose provide evidence for an intelligent hand involved in its creation? Let’s keep going. So when talking about. 19:52 planets and places that can retain life, size does matter. NASA has got several missions that are going on looking for extraterrestrial life. It’s become a big obsession with NASA at this point. And one of the things that they’re, one of the missions they’ve got going on is Kepler Space Telescope. 20:22 And their parameters that they’re looking for are very narrow range. They’re looking for terrestrial planets that can handle, that are pretty close to the same size of the Earth. Why is that? Well, if the planet they’re looking at is more than two times the size of the Earth, then that planet’s going to have much, much larger gravity than what we have, which means it’s going to be pulling more helium and hydrogen into its atmosphere. 20:50 and will quickly rise and become a gas giant, like Neptune or Saturn or Jupiter, and those are not friendly to life at all. If the planet is less than 20% the size of the Earth, then the gravity is too small. It becomes like Mercury or Mars, and there’s not enough atmosphere to host life, not air, breathe, and all the other requirements for atmosphere that are supporting that. So they’re looking for a very narrow window that’s around the size of the Earth. 21:23 We already kind of talked about the moon a little bit, the importance it has on the Earth’s rotation. But the moon is also a powerful ally in our survival, not only for that, but also for helping changes in weather, mixing with warm and cold waters in the oceans to help maintain temperature regulation, and also feeding various ecosystems through tides as they come up. 21:50 and go down. So the moon is pretty important for our ecosystem and for life on this planet. And just so happens we have one. 22:00 So scientists have estimated there’s about 100 billion stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. And a lot of people look at that and say, man, 100 billion stars in the galaxy. Surely just one of them, just one of them has got to be able to hold life. I mean, the chances, you know, you got to think there’s got to be some chance. Well, there’s been some NASA scientists that have looked at that too. They call, they have. 22:28 done studies called what is the galactic habitable zone? And it just so happens that we are in it. If there is 100 billion stars in the galaxy, but most of those are inside the core, this stellar bulge, that’s a lot of where those stars are, and the gravity and radiation effects of those stars in the close proximity, we’re gonna say that stars, if they were just averaged the same distance in that small area. 22:58 then they’re going to be about as close to our sun as, say, Jupiter or Pluto. That’s how close those stars are. So massive gravitational effects between different stars that would totally mess up the orbits of any planets that surround them and cause major death and not support life at all. Also, the galactic arms are the other place where most of the stars in the galaxy are. And those also have very harmful radiation effects and close proximity that would cause 23:27 major problems for life. And so they have estimated that about 95% of the galaxy would be uninhabitable due to those effects of gravitation and radiation from the close proximity of stars. We’re in a very low density area inside our galaxy as we rotate around the center. One of the greatest evidences of intentional design that I see in Earth is something that is just really pretty cool. I don’t know if any of you have heard about this, but the Earth, 23:57 As we’re traveling around the sun, the sun is just a gigantic nuclear explosion happening all day long. And with those nuclear explosions, you have various metals and such that cause massive explosions and storms on those stars that will cause what they call a coronal mass ejection. Coronal mass ejection is a massive, is when the sun spews out a massive amount of radioactive particles into outer space. 24:27 And when those hit the earth, you are getting hit with radiation levels, mostly in beta and alpha particles, on levels likened to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster that happened back in the 1980s. So enough REMs would hit the earth that you would see levels that would cause a person to die within about five minutes. So why do we not have radiation burns and all kinds of… 24:55 all kinds of cancer on this planet. Well, it turns out the Earth has a pretty intriguing way of how it deals with that. The Earth has a liquid iron and a solid iron core, which creates a little bit of a magnetic field. It’s also something that only occurs on planets that are within that kind of sweet spot. But because of that magnetic field, you’re seeing, that’s why you see your compasses pointing north all the time, and not all planets have this. 25:23 Especially colder planets, their cores are frozen, and other rocky planets on the Earth, on the, in our solar system don’t have them. It’s just the gas giants that have magnetic fields. But because of that, it is channeling those ionized particles that are hitting the Earth, or away from the Earth, towards our poles, and most of those are hitting, are skimming across the atmosphere at the polar regions, which is why you see 25:51 auroras and upper latitudes and lower latitudes. And so we have something of a force field around our planet that keeps radiation from hitting us all the time. It also channels other kind of galactic radiation that happens all over the place. 26:10 So those are some just basic things. Stephen Hawking, who is no believer, but a pretty smart guy, wrote lots of books, died a couple years ago, I think. Theoretical physicist. And he was written, wrote in one of his books. The remarkable fact is that the values of these numbers, saying like the parameters within the universe and all the details within them. 26:38 seem to have been very finely adjusted to make possible the development of life. And so even those who are non-believers have to admit we have pretty specific design in the way our universe has been built. 26:56 So having discussed some of the important characteristics required for the planet to support life, let me segue into saying that was the easy part. That was the easy part. 27:11 To get life, that is way, way harder. To get life from non-life. Let’s talk a little bit about that. So here’s the Bible’s account of where the life came from. So God created the great sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm according to their kinds and every winged bird according to its kind, and God saw that it was good. God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground. 27:41 according to the kind God saw that it was good. How many are your works, Lord? In wisdom, you made them all. The earth is full of your creatures, Psalm 104, 24. And so, again, we see Bible’s account, God made it. It’s always important whenever you’re teaching someone to look at what the Bible actually says. A lot of non-believers may. 28:07 kind of have an idea of what the Bible says, but maybe they don’t really know what it actually says. A lot of people have some idea of the Bible, but it may really be a caricature of the Bible as portrayed in popular culture, and maybe twisted around by various skeptics and people who aren’t friendly to faith and that kind of stuff. So it’s important to actually study what it actually says and work with people who are struggling with those ideas. So let’s talk about 28:37 some of the things with regard to life. So before we get into the origins of life, we really have to ask four main questions that are very hard questions to answer. How did life get from non-life? That’s the first problem. 28:59 Is there any form of life that is simple? 29:07 How do you get complex organisms from non-complex organisms? Also a very difficult problem. And how does intelligence come from non-intelligence? The fact that we’re even sitting here talking about this suggests that we have an intelligent mind to even process these things. Where does that come from? 29:28 or is it an illusion? So let’s talk about some ingredients for life. You’ve got to have carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus. And we talked about these substances have to be in a very unique temperature range to be able to bond appropriately together. And it turns out Earth has a lot of these elements in abundance. A lot of planets don’t have these elements in abundance. Maybe one or two of them, but not all of them. 29:56 Earth has a lot of these in abundance as far as we’ve been able to discover. 30:02 So what is life? Let’s ask that question. That’s the study in science that studies life is biology. And they will, most biologists will tell you, well, all life is built from cells. And they would be right, all life is built from cells. Definition of a living cell has to have four properties, four main properties for a cell. I didn’t know this even until I started studying it several years ago. The cell has to be, 30:32 Let’s have complex organization. Specifically, it must have DNA. We’ll talk a little bit more about that in a second. The cell has to be able to metabolize, take in food, and turn it into energy to sustain that cell’s life. 30:49 It’s got to be able to reproduce. How does a cell manage to learn how to replicate itself? So a cell’s got to be able to reproduce and build new cells. And the cell has to be able to respond to stimulus from an external environment. Obviously, most cells have to have mechanisms to go find more food and take in energy. So they have some stimulus mechanisms. There’s some other characteristics of cells. They have to have to. 31:18 have regulation, be able to regulate their temperatures and energy output, and then they also have to be able to grow and develop, as we see in most complex life forms. So cells are made of thousands and thousands of components, not every cell is the same, a lot of cells are almost apples and oranges and components, but let’s see here, there. 31:44 They have nucleus, chromosome, cytoplasm. I don’t know what most of these things are. I’m not a microbiologist. There’s membranes, there’s ribosomes, there’s nucleoids, other types of things from different types of cells. Golgi complex, I’m pretty sure that was discovered by some guy named Frederick Golgi trying to provide a name to something he didn’t understand or something. I’m just kidding, I don’t know. Don’t tell a microbiologist that. 32:14 So enzymes are the building blocks of cells. These enzymes are created from proteins, and proteins are built from amino acids. We’ll talk more about those. And those have to be combined in specific ways, and as they’re combined, they’ll create things like ribonucleic acid, RNA, and also more complex. 32:37 structures called DNA, the oxynucleic acid, which is extremely complex sequences of proteins and enzymes which have encyclopedias worth of genetic information. 32:52 So as you look at this picture, you can see on the left side, it’s a picture of a window from a cathedral, York Minster, and obviously it was designed very complex, has a beautiful shape and organization, and was obviously created by a very talented architect. And as we see the picture on the right, we see a cross section of one strand of beta DNA. 33:20 And you can see it has even more complexity, even more structure, and obviously looks like it was designed. 33:32 I apologize, this isn’t the greatest backdrop to see all the details, but we’re doing the best we can. So, how do we get these strands of DNA? Well, it all starts out complex. So, basic, the most basic building blocks of DNA are what we call amino acids. There’s several different types of amino acids in the universe and the world that we see. One of them is glucose. There are various covalent bonds of various atoms like oxygen, hydrogen, carbon. 34:00 and they have to be bonded in specific orders to make different elements. They have run experiments in a soup mixture of various chemicals and tried to shock it with lightning to provide some kind of evidence that these bonds can form. And they have had some success building some amino acids like these kinds of particles. But that was the very basics. 34:28 Those amino acids also have to be bonded in very specific orders to build what we call proteins. And if there’s any difference in the way that was bonded together, that protein won’t work or falls apart. And there have been no examples of any random experiments showing any ability for proteins to bond spontaneously under shocks of lightning. And so that’s a very difficult one to deal with. And I kind of have some reservations about the… 34:57 amino acids experiments because they use seawater as a base, which may already have amino acids in it. And I was a little skeptical on their experiments. So that’s also the basics. So we got amino acids, proteins, and then proteins are the building blocks of these long strands of genetic information called RNA and DNA. And those also have to be bonded in very, very specific orders where they are completely wrong. You got to be able to do that. 35:25 Ribonucleic acid, which is just half the complexity of a DNA strand and obviously very, very detailed in the way, entire encyclopedias of information. And that’s about all the knowledge I have on that. It’s just very, very detailed in the way it comes together and the probabilities of these things happening by chance is just astronomical. 35:48 So there are many difficulties in Darwin’s theory of evolution. The general premise of evolution is that given enough time, given an infinite amount of time, the probability of something happening seems more reasonable. Unfortunately, we don’t have an infinite amount of time. Considering the scientists, by their own standards of how old the universe is, by their own standards 36:18 when the Earth came into being and when the Earth was actually in a temperature and state that would have been livable, you have a very minute amount of time for evolution to occur, a very small period of window. And the idea is that all of these, all of these, once you do have a cell, then you have to have that cell turn into something greater and more complex through what they call. 36:47 genetic mutations, which they have seen in bacteria cells and other kinds of cells, and also natural selection, selecting which cells are the best suited for the environment. Problem is when we look at genetic mutations, what we often see, especially in complex organisms, is those organisms are no longer fit for survival. There are various defects, birth defects that occur, say like Down syndrome, which is a result. 37:17 of a genetic mutation and those people who have that obviously have to be helped a lot through life as they’re very difficult. And we see a lot of these problems in other animals’ life as well. Also genetic mutations don’t really create anything new. It’s really a replication of genetic information or something being left out. And so because of those, you can’t really get… 37:44 say from a skin cell to an eye cell, because that’s totally different genetic information. And there’s been lots of experiments that have been done on various types of bacteria cells to show that this really doesn’t create anything new. 38:04 Also another problem is there, according to evolution, this should suggest that there are many lesser complex ancestors in the fossil record, and the fossil artifacts really don’t support that. What we see in the fossil record is a giant explosion of all diversity of organisms happening in a relatively short time, like the Cambrian explosion. And incidentally, that’s kind of what the Bible teaches, is everything happened in a very small amount of time. 38:34 So one of the other great things I wanted to point out is natural selection suggests the world would be dog eat dog. Only the strong survive, and those that are weak will be destroyed. But what we see as we look at nature is we see this great synergy of creation, synergy meaning 38:59 different things working together for their mutual benefit, like a team of horses being able to haul more weight than a single combined than a single or the same group of horses being able to support by their individual combined. So there’s some, a lot of examples of synergy in nature. One of the greatest ones is our mutual give and take between animal life and plant life. Plant provides most of the oxygen we have on earth for us to breathe. 39:28 And we also provide carbon dioxide, we being humans and animals, that’s required for those plant life. Also, humans and also provide, animals provide fertilizer and there’s also fruit and other things that we give and take. Also, there’s other more complex examples of synergy, like trees dropping seeds for squirrels and rodents to eat and they bury some of them which grow into new trees. So that’s obviously a design characteristic. 39:57 Insects pollinating all kinds of plant life plants really can’t survive without insects and also lower life forms providing decomposition Man, we’re already five minutes left to go man. I gotta move so There’s great synergy and creation so that suggests that world is not dog eat dog nature works together for their mutual benefits Also scientists may use theories like evolution and 40:26 Big Bang as ways of explaining how the universe was made. But those theories can no way account for the beauty we see in creation, the idea that we have such beautiful things around us that have no real natural purpose other than for our pleasure. And the Bible says in 1 Timothy 6, put your hope in God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment. And so. 40:54 There’s many things that have been put on this planet for our own enjoyment. 41:02 So some concluding thoughts. I want to give you some quotes by some famous scientists. One of the most famous scientists is Sir Isaac Newton. He was one of the most influential scientists in all of history, created his grand unification of physics, and invented calculus, which most people have a hard time even spelling calculus, let alone doing it. He invented calculus to support his unification of physics. 41:32 Gravity explains the motion of the planets, but it cannot explain who sets the planets in motion. Isaac Newton was a very strong believer. He actually wrote more about Bible and theology than he did about science. So very strong believer. 41:48 Sir Francis Bacon, also a big proponent in the Enlightenment area, invented the scientific method. God has in fact written two books, not just one. Of course we are all familiar with the first book he wrote, namely scripture, but he’s also written a second book called Creation. We do well to study both. For a long time I wanted to become a theologian. Now however, behold, how through my effort, God is being celebrated in astronomy. That’s Johannes Kepler, astronomer. 42:17 One of the guys that NASA named their Kepler mission after, which they’re using to search for extraterrestrial life. I’m sure he wouldn’t be happy about that. But Joanne’s Kepler was obviously a very strong believer as well. 42:31 So I’d like to stop there and just say, all of these examples don’t really in and of themselves point to necessarily the Bible as the reason we have all of this creation around us. It really simply points out in a very simple means that straight naturalism cannot account for all the intricacy of seemingly perfect design we have in creation. The probabilities are so infinitesimally small that it nearly takes blind faith to accept that this happened just by chance. 43:01 But one of the strong rejections of faith is that it requires a belief in a supernatural being and a belief in miracles. The challenge here is using some of these examples, we get a person to see, hey, I get it, that it’s hard to believe in miracles. We’ve never seen one necessarily in our lifetime. But if you look around at nature and the universe and the heavenly bodies that surround us, you’re kind of living in a miracle. Amen. And that’s a good way of… 43:30 kind of pointing at the unique pointing someone into faith. Now we could go on and on about all the intricacies about the world’s design and the detail and balance which supports it, but it may not really work at convincing someone by itself. I think it’s important to point out, but I find it interesting and unique that 43:54 The Bible doesn’t attempt to address all the details of how the earth came into being. It simply says, God spoke to them into being, let there be light, and it was so. Very unique to ancient literature, unlike other pagan religions, which tried to suggest that the world was created from gods and goddesses’ struggles with each other and fighting. And they set up all these shrines that are involved in creation. But God did not ask us to build any shrines or idols pointing to him. 44:22 is commanded to his followers is that he wants creation and specifically the greatest creation humanity to point to who he is and show the world who he is. And so this beautiful and completely unique plan is to set up to allow people who are followers of God to represent who God is by their actions, their attitudes, and their love for all people. And this indeed becomes one of the most powerful testimonies of faith. 44:50 And God obviously gave us the ultimate example of that great behavior and actions and attitudes through the person of Jesus Christ. And we will be one of the greatest forces for the gospel when we remember that in conjunction with these ideas. So that’s all I’ve got. So you guys can feel free to share, but we’re gonna have to stop there, obviously. So.